Table 12.8 The Factors That Foster Political Participation
	Substantial Effect	Some Effect	Small Effect	No Effect
TIME-BASED ACTS	Civic skills, Interest	Education, Free	Income	Vocabulary, Partisanship,
		time, Information,		Citizenship, Job level,
		Efficacy		Organizational affiliation,
				Religious attendance
VOTING	Interest, Information,	Religious	Vocabulary,	Education, Civic skills, Free time,
	Partisan strength,	attendance	Income, Efficacy	Job Level, Organizational Affiliation
	Citizenship
POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS	Income	Interest	Partisan strength,	Education, Civic skills, Vocabulary,
			Information	Free time, Efficacy, Citizenship,
				job level, Organizational
				affiliation, Religious attendance
POLITICAL DISCUSSION	Interest	Information	Income, Partisan	Education, Vocabulary, Civic skills,
			strength	Free time, Efficacy, Citizenship,
				Job Level, Organizational Affiliation
Source: Sidney Verba, Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady.  1995.  Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.